OSS Course Descriptions

The Arts

AVI1O Visual Arts, Grade 9, Open (1.0 credit) This course offers an overview of visual arts as a foundation for further study. Students will become familiar with the elements and principles of design and the expressive qualities of various materials through working with a range of materials, processes, techniques, and styles. They will learn and use methods of analysis and criticism and will study the characteristics of particular historical art periods and a selection of Canadian art and the art of other cultures. ✍ IL

ASM2O Media Arts, Grade 10, Open (1.0 credit) This course will develop students’ artistic knowledge and skills by introducing them to current media arts technologies and processes. Student learning will include the analysis, appreciation, and production of media art, using a variety of traditional techniques (e.g. photography, film, photocopy art, video, analog sound recording) and emergent technologies (e.g., computer, digital camera, scanner, multimedia, animation). ✍ IL

AWL2O Visual Arts - Drawing, Grade 10, Open (0.5 credit) This course emphasizes learning through practice; building on what students know; and introducing them to new ideas, materials, and processes for artistic thinking and experimentation. Student learning will include the refined application of the elements and principles of design, incorporating the creative and design processes, and the relationship between form and content. Students will also learn about the connections between works of art and their historical contexts. Course objectives may be achieved either through a comprehensive program or through a program focused on a particular art form (e.g. drawing, painting). ✍ IL

Business Studies

BTT1O Information and Communication Technology in Business, Grade 9, Open (1.0 credit) This course introduces students to information and communication technology in a business environment and builds a foundation of digital literacy skills for success in a technologically driven society. Students will develop word processing, spreadsheet, database, desktop publishing, presentation software, and website design skills. Throughout the course, there is an emphasis on digital literacy, effective electronic research and communication skills, and current issues related to the impact of information and communication technology. ♬ Term 1A ✍ IL

BDI3C Entrepreneurship: The Venture, Grade 11 College Preparation (1.0 Credit) This course focuses on ways in which entrepreneurs recognize opportunities, generate ideas, and organize resources to plan successful ventures that enable them to achieve their goals. Students will create a venture plan for a school-based or student-run business. Through hand-on experiences, students will have opportunities to develop the values, traits and skills most often associated with successful entrepreneurs. ✍ IL

BAF3M Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (1.0 credit) This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and procedures of accounting. Students will develop financial analysis and decision-making skills that will assist them in future studies and/or career opportunities in business. Students will acquire an understanding of accounting for a service and a merchandising business, computerized accounting, financial analysis, and current issues and ethics in accounting. .♬ Term 2A/B ✍ IL

BOH4M Organizational Studies, Grade 12, University/College Preparation (1.0 credit) This course focuses on the development of leadership skills used in managing a successful business. You will analyse the role of a leader in business with a focus on decision-making, management of group dynamics, workplace stress and conflict, motivation of employees, and planning. Effective business communication skills, ethics, and social responsibility will be emphasized throughout the course. Prerequisite: Any university, university/college, or college preparation course in business studies, English, or Canadian and world studies. ✍ IL

BTA3O Information Technology Applications in Business, Grade 11, Open (1.0 credit) This course prepares students for the digital environment. Using a hands-on approach, students will further develop information and communication technology skills through the use of common business software applications. The concept and operation of e-business will be explored, and students will design and create an e-business website. The skills developed in this course will prepare students for success in the workplace and/or postsecondary studies.
✍ IL

BAT4M Financial Accounting Principles, Grade 12, College/University Prep. (1.0 credit) Perquisite BAT3M This course introduces students to advanced accounting principles that will prepare them for post secondary studies in business. Students will learn about financial statements for various forms of business ownership and how those statements are interpreted in making business decisions. This course expands students’ knowledge of sources of financing, further develops accounting methods for assets, and introduces accounting for partnerships and corporations. ✍ IL

BBB4M Introduction to International Business, Grade 12, College/University Prep. (1.0 credit) Perquisite any Col/Uni prep course in Business Studies or Canada and the World Studies. In this course you will gain an overview of the importance of international business and trade in the global economy. You will learn the factors that influence success in international markets and will learn about the techniques, strategies and problems associated with marketing, distributing and managing a business in the international community.
✍ IL

BDP3O The Enterprising Person, Grade 11, Open. (1.0 credit) This course examines the importance of enterprising employees to organizations affected by rapid change in an increasingly competitive marketplace. Students will learn about the skills and attributes of enterprising employees, the distinguishing features of enterprising work environments, and the challenges and rewards of becoming an enterprising person. They will also have an opportunity to participate in the entrepreneurial process by planning a venture. ✍ IL

Canadian and World Studies

CGC1P Geography of Canada, Grade 9, Applied (1.0 credit) This course focuses on geographic issues that affect Canadians today. Students will draw on personal and everyday experiences as they learn about Canada’s distinct and changing character and the natural and human systems and global influences that shape the country. Students will use a variety of geotechnologies and inquiry and communication methods to examine practical geographic questions and communicate their findings. ✍ IL

CHV2O Civics, Grade 10, Open (0.5 credit)
This course explores what it means to be an informed, participating citizen in a democratic society. Students will learn about the elements of democracy in local, national, and global contexts, about political reactions to social change, and about political decision-making processes in Canada. They will explore their own and others’ ideas about civics questions and learn how to think critically about public issues and react responsibly to them. ✍ IL

CHC2P Canadian History Since World War 1, Grade 10, Applied (1.0 credit) This course explores some of the pivotal events and experiences that have influenced the development of Canada's identity as a nation from World War I to the present. By examining how the country has responded to economic, social, and technological changes and how individuals and groups have contributed to Canadian culture and society during this period, students will develop their ability to make connections between historical and current events. Students will have opportunities to formulate questions, locate information, develop informed opinions, and present ideas about the central issues and events of the period. ✍ IL

CHC2D Canadian History in the 20th Century, Grade 10, Academic (1.0 credit) This course explores the local, national, and global forces that have shaped Canada's national identity from World War I to the present. Students will investigate the challenges presented by economic, social, and technological changes and explore the contributions of individuals and groups to Canadian culture and society during this period. Students will use critical-thinking and communication skills to evaluate various interpretations of the issues and events of the period and to present their own points of view. ✍ IL

CLU3M Understanding Canadian Law, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: History, Grade 10, Applied or Academic This course explores Canadian law with a focus on legal issues that are relevant to people’s everyday lives. Students will investigate fundamental legal concepts and processes to gain a practical understanding of Canada’s legal system, including the criminal justice system. Students will use critical-thinking, inquiry, and communication skills to develop informed opinions on legal issues and apply this knowledge in a variety of ways and settings, including case analysis, legal research projects, mock trials, and debates. ✍ IL

CHW3M World History to the Sixteenth Century, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: History, Grade 10 This course investigates the history of humanity from the earliest times to the sixteenth century. You will analyse diverse societies from around the world, with particular emphasis on the political, cultural, and economic structures and historical forces that form the foundation of the modern world. They will apply historical inquiry, critical thinking, and communication skills to evaluate the influence of selected individuals, groups, and innovations and to present their own conclusions. ✍ IL

CHC2L1 Locally Developed Compulsory Credit Canadian History (0.5 credit)
This course focuses on the connections between the student and key people, events and themes in Canadian history from World War I to 1958. Students prepare for the Grades 11 and 12 Workplace Preparation history courses through the development and extension of historical literacy and inquiry skills. Students explore a variety of topics highlighting individuals and events that have contributed to the story of Canada. The major themes of Canadian identity, internal and external relationships, and changes since 1914, are explored through guided investigation. ✍ IL

CHC2L2 Locally Developed Compulsory Credit Canadian History (0.5 credit)
This 0.5 credit course focuses on the connections between the student and key people, events and themes in Canadian history from 1958 to the present. Students prepare for the Grades 11 and 12 Workplace Preparation history courses through the development and extension of historical literacy and inquiry skills. Students explore a variety of topics highlighting individuals and events that have contributed to the story of Canada. The major themes of Canadian identity, internal and external relationships, and changes since 1958, are explored through guided investigation. ✍ IL

CGG3O Regional Geography: Travel and Tourism, Grade 11, Open (1.0 credit)
This course focuses on travel and tourism to examine the unique characteristics of selected world regions from a geographic perspective. Students develop an understanding and appreciation of the ways in which the natural environments, economies, cultures, and other aspects of world regions interact. Students understand the travel and tourism industry through a series of issues-based investigations that highlight the complexity of the industry and the interconnectedness of the components. Students learn to identify the benefits of travel while minimizing cultural and economic conflicts to achieve sustainable natural and human systems. Past and present patterns and trends are analysed in order to make predictions about the opportunities and possibilities for future travel and tourism. Students gain valuable skills, including the analysis of controversial issues and the use of geotechnologies to organize and synthesize information gathered from regional studies. This course includes a focus on the local community as a source of information about travel and tourism activities and businesses. ✍IL

CHY4U World History: The West and the World, Grade 12, University Prep (1.0 credit) This course investigates the major trends in Western civilization and world history from the sixteenth century to the present. Students will learn about the interaction between the emerging West and other regions of the world and about the development of modern social, political, and economic systems. The skills and knowledge developed in this course will enable students to understand and appreciate both the character of historical change and the historical roots of contemporary issues. ✍IL

English

ENG1L Locally Developed Compulsory Credit Course English, Grade 9, LD (1.0 credit) This course emphasizes key reading, writing, oral communication, and thinking skills that students need for success in secondary school and their daily lives. Students will study plays, short stories, and newspaper and magazine articles, and will describe and create media works. An important focus will be the correct use of spoken and written language. ♬ Term 1A ✍ IL

ENG1D English, Grade 9, Academic (1.0 credit) This course is designed to develop the oral communication, reading, writing and media literacy skills that students need for success in their secondary school academic programs and in their daily lives. Students will analyse literary texts from contemporary and historical periods, interpret informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on the use of strategies that contribute to effective communication. The course is intended to prepare students for the Grade 10 academic English course, which leads to university or college preparation courses in Grades 11 and 12. ✍ IL

ENG1P English, Grade 9, Applied (1.0 credit) This course is designed to develop the key oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills students need for success in secondary school and daily life. Students will read, interpret, and create a variety of informational, literary, and graphic texts. An important focus will be on identifying and using appropriate strategies and processes to improve students’ comprehension of texts and to help them communicate clearly and effectively. The course is intended to prepare students for the Grade 10 applied English course, which leads to college or workplace preparation courses in Grades 11 and 12. ✍ IL

ENG2L Locally Developed Compulsory Credit Course English, Grade 10, LD (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Any Grade 9 English In this course, students focus on extending their literacy and communication skills to prepare for success in their daily lives, in the workplace, in the English, Grade 11, Workplace Preparation course, or in the English: Contemporary Aboriginal Voices, Grade 11, Workplace Preparation course. The course is organized by strands that extend listening and talking skills, reading and viewing skills, and writing skills. In all strands, the focus is on refining foundational literacy skills and on using language clearly and accurately in a variety of authentic contexts. Students build on their strategies and engage in the processes involved in talking, listening, reading, viewing, writing, and thinking. Students reflect regularly upon their growth in these areas. ♬ Term 1B ✍ IL

ESL2O English Literacy Skills, Grade 10, Open (1.0 credit) This course is designed to help students strengthen essential reading and writing skills, providing them with the extra literacy support they need in order to graduate. Students will read informational, graphic, and literary texts, with a focus on locating information, identifying main ideas and supporting details, building vocabulary, and consolidating skills in the application of key comprehension strategies. The course will also help students develop core learning strategies. ✍ IL

ENG2P English, Grade 10, Applied (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: English, Grade 9, Academic or Applied This course is designed to extend the range of oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that students need for success in secondary school and daily life. Students will study and create a variety of informational, literary, and graphic texts. An important focus will be on the consolidation of strategies and processes that help students interpret texts and communicate clearly and effectively. This course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 11 college or workplace preparation course. ✍ IL

ENG2D English, Grade 10, Academic (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: English, Grade 9, Academic or Applied This course is designed to extend the range of oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that students need for success in their secondary school academic programs and in their daily lives. Students will analyse literary texts from contemporary and historical periods, interpret and evaluate informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on the selective use of strategies that contribute to effective communication. This course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 11 university or college preparation course. ✍ IL

ENG2H English Transfer Course, Grade 10, Transfer (0.5 credit) A transfer course is a partial-credit course that bridges the gap between courses of two different types in the same subject and grade. Students who revise their educational and career goals and who wish to change from one destination-related stream to another in a particular subject may often do so by taking a transfer course. Transfer courses enable students to achieve the expectations not covered in one course type but required for entry into a course in the next grade. For example, the prerequisite for the Grade 11 university preparation course in English is the Grade 10 academic course in English. A student who is taking the applied English course in Grade 10 but who decides to enter the university preparation course in Grade 11 may do so by taking a transfer course. Transfer courses will be offered for students who wish to change from one course type to another in the same subject between Grade 10 and Grade 11 or between Grade 11 and Grade 12. ✍ IL

EMS30 Media Studies, Grade 11, Open (1.0) This course emphasizes knowledge and skills that will enable students to understand media communication in the twenty-first century and to use media effectively and responsibly. Through analysing the forms and messages of a variety of media works and audience responses to them, and through creating their own media works, students will develop critical thinking skills, aesthetic and ethical judgement, and skills in viewing, representing, listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course explores the five key concepts of media: Constructed Reality, Implicit and Explicit Values, Social and Political Implications, Commercial Implications and Aesthetic Forms. As you work through each section you will be exploring how these five key concepts are interrelated and influence our lives as individuals and as a society. ✍ IL

ENG3E English, Grade 11, Workplace Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Applied This course emphasizes the development of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in the workplace and in daily life. Students will study the content, form, and style of contemporary informational, graphic, and literary texts; and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms for practical purposes. An important focus will be on using language clearly and accurately in a variety of formal and informal contexts. This course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 12 workplace preparation course. ♬ Term 1A ✍ IL

ENG3C English, Grade 11, College Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Applied This course emphasizes the development of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures, as well as a range of informational and graphic texts, as well as literary texts from Canada and other countries, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and incorporating stylistic devices appropriately and effectively. This course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 12 university or college preparation course. ♬ Term 1A/B ✍ IL

ENG3U English, Grade 11, University Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: English, Grade 10, Academic This course emphasizes the development of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures, as well as a range of informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and incorporating stylistic devices appropriately and effectively. This course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 12 university or college preparation course. ✍ IL

EBT4O Business and Technological Communication, Grade 12, Open (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Grade 11 English This course emphasizes practical writing and communication skills that are needed in the world of business and technology. Students will analyse the characteristics of effective models of business and technical communications; gather information to write reports, business letters, memos, manuals, instructions, and brochures; and integrate graphics and text, using technology appropriately for formatting and special effects. They will also make a number of oral and visual presentations. ✍ IL

ENG4E English, Grade 12, Workplace Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, Workplace Preparation This course emphasizes the consolidation of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in the workplace and daily life. Students will analyse informational, graphic, and literary texts and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms for workplace-related and practical purposes. An important focus will be on using language accurately and organizing ideas and information coherently. This course is intended to prepare students for the workplace and active citizenship. ♬ Term 1B ✍ IL

ENG4C English, Grade 12, College Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, College Preparation This course emphasizes the consolidation of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in the academic and daily life. Students will analyse a variety of informational and graphic texts, as well as literary texts from various countries and cultures, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms for practical and academic purposes. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and developing greater control in writing. This course is intended to prepare students for college or the workplace. ♬ Term 1B ✍ IL

ENG4U English, Grade 12, University Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation This course emphasizes the consolidation of the literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse a range of challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures; interpret and evaluate informational and graphic texts; and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using academic language coherently and confidently, selecting the reading strategies best suited to particular texts and particular purposes for reading, and developing greater control in writing. This course is intended to prepare students for university, college or the workplace. ✍ IL

EWC4U The Writers Craft, Grade 12, University Preparation (1.0 credit) This course emphasizes knowledge and skills related to the craft of writing. You will analyze models of effective writing; use a workshop approach to produce a range of work; identify and use techniques required for specialized forms of writing; and identify effective ways to improve the quality of your writing. You will also complete a major paper as part of a creative or analytical independent study project, and investigate opportunities for publication and writing careers. ✍ IL

Guidance and Career Education

GLS1O Learning Strategies I: Skills for Success in Secondary School, Grade 9, Open (1.0 credit) This course focuses on learning strategies to help students become better, more independent learners. Students will learn how to develop and apply literacy and numeracy skills, personal management skills, and interpersonal and teamwork skills to improve their learning and achievement in school, the workplace, and the community. This course helps students build confidence and motivation to pursue opportunities for success in secondary school and beyond. ✍ IL

GLC2O Career Studies, Grade 10, Open (0.5 credit) This course teaches students how to develop and achieve personal goals for future learning, work, and community involvement. Students will assess their interests, skills, and characteristics and investigate current economic and workplace trends, work opportunities, and ways to search for work. The course explores post-secondary learning and career options, prepares students for managing work and life transitions, and helps students focus on their goals through the development of a career plan. ✍ IL

GLD2O Discovering the Workplace, Grade 10, Open (1.0 Credit) This course provides students with opportunities to discover and develop the workplace essential skills and work habits required to be successfully employed. Students will develop an understanding of work through practical hands-on experiences in the school and in the community, using real workplace materials. They investigate occupations of interest through experiential opportunities (e.g., worksite visits, hearing guest speakers, job shadowing, work experience, simulations, and entrepreneurial projects). This course helps students make plans for continued learning and work. ✍ IL

GPP3O Leadership and Peer Support, Grade 11, Open (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: None This course prepares students to act in leadership and peer support roles. They will design and implement and plan for contributing to their school and /or community; develop skills in communication, interpersonal relations, teamwork, and conflict management; and apply those skills in leadership and/ or peer support roles - for example, as a student council member or a peer tutor. Students will examine group dynamics and learn the value of diversity within groups and communities. ✍ IL

GLW3O Designing Your Future, Grade 11, Open (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Grade 10 Career Studies. This Course This course prepares you to make successful transitions to post-secondary work and education or training. You will explore the realities and opportunities of modern workplaces, while refining your employability skills and learning how to manage your career. You will target appropriate post-secondary education or training options and begin to implement an action plan for post-secondary success. ✍ IL

GLN4O Navigating the Workplace, Grade 12, Open (1.0 Credit) This course provides students with opportunities to develop the workplace essential skills and work habits required for success in all types of workplaces. Students will explore occupations and careers of interest through participation in real workplace experiences (e.g., information interviews, work experiences). They will make plans for continued learning and work, work with others to design learning experiences, and investigate the resources and support required to make a smooth transition to their post-secondary destination. ✍ IL
Health and Physical Education

IDC301 Aboriginal Wilderness Safety and Travel, Grade 11,(0.5 credit) This half credit course will help students to learn what is involved in accident prevention and injury management. Students will learn advanced wilderness first aid skills and will have the opportunity to obtain certification. They will analyze case studies and solve problems by improvisation in simulated outdoor emergency exercises. They will investigate sources of emergency equipment and prepare a safety pack. This course will help students understand the importance of safety in the wilderness tourism industry.

IDC3O2 Aboriginal Wilderness Safety and Travel, Grade 11,(0.5 credit) In this course students will learn to research, outline and analyse the steps involved in planning a canoeing expedition. This course will provide the theoretical knowledge necessary to make canoe trip leadership decisions. They will investigate case studies and solve problems by improvisation in simulated outdoor leadership exercises. Students will participate in a canoe trip. Practical skills, teaching skills and role play scenarios are emphasized. Students will learn how to work together as a team. Students will demonstrate their research and planning skills by completing a trip plan that could potentially be used in leading youth in their own communities. Students will be encouraged to explore careers related to outdoor leadership. They will learn to communicate effectively through the use of photography and writing. They will also examine the role of traditional Native skills in modern ecotourism. ✍ IL

PPZ3O Health for Life, Grade 11, Open (1.0 credit) This course helps students develop a personalized approach to healthy living. Students will examine the factors that affect their own health and the health of individuals as members of the community. They will learn about the components of the Vitality approach to healthy living – an initiative that promotes healthy eating, an active lifestyle, and a positive self-image. Throughout this course, students will develop the skills necessary to take charge of and improve their own health, as well as to encourage others to lead healthy lives. ♬ Term 1A ✍ IL

PPL4O1 Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 12, Open (0.5 credit) This course focuses on the development of a personalized approach to healthy active living through participation in a variety of sports and recreational activities that have the potential to engage students’ interest throughout their lives. Students will develop and implement personal physical fitness plans. In addition, they will be given opportunities to refine their decision-making, conflict-resolution, and interpersonal skills, with a view to enhancing their mental health and their relationships with others. ♬ Term 1A

PPL4O2 Healthy Active Living Education, Grade 12, Open (0.5 credit) This course focuses on the development of a personalized approach to healthy active living through participation in a variety of sports and recreational activities that have the potential to engage students’ interest throughout their lives. Students will develop and implement personal physical fitnessplans. In addition, they will be given opportunities to refine their decision-making, conflict-resolution, and interpersonal skills, with a view to enhancing their mental health and their relationships with others. ♬ Term 1B

Mathematics

MAT1L Locally Developed Compulsory Credit Course Mathematics, Grade 9, LD (1.0 credit) This course emphasizes further development of mathematical knowledge and skills to prepare students for success in their everyday lives, in the workplace, and in the Grade 10 LDCC course. The course is organized in three strands related to money sense, measurement and proportional reasoning. In all strands, the focus is on developing and consolidating key foundational mathematical concepts and skills by solving authentic, everyday problems. Students have opportunities to further develop their mathematical literacy and problem-solving skills and to continue developing their skills in reading, writing and oral language through relevant and practical math activities. ♬ Term 1B ✍ IL

MPM1D Principles of Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic (1.0 Credit) In this course, you will develop generalizations of mathematical ideas and methods through the exploration of applications, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. You will investigate relationships to develop equations of straight lines in analytic geometry, explore relationships between volume and surface area of objects in measurement, and apply extended algebraic skills in problem solving. You will engage in abstract extensions of core learning that will deepen your mathematical knowledge and enrich your understanding. ✍ IL

MPM1H Grade 9 Mathematics Transfer Course from Applied to Academin, Grade 9, Transfer (0.5 Credit) This course will provide students who have successfully completed Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 9, Applied with an opportunity to achieve the expectations not covered in that course but included in Principal of Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic. On successful completion of this course, students may proceed to Principal of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic (MPM 2D). This transfer course focuses on developing number sense and algebra, linear relations, analytic geometry, and measurement and geometry. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems. ✍ IL

MAT2L Locally Developed Compulsory Credit Course Mathematics, Grade 10, LD (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 9, MAT1L, Locally Developed Compulsory Course. This course emphasizes the extension of mathematical knowledge and skills to prepare students for success in their everyday lives, in the workplace, and in the grade 11 Mathematics Workplace preparation course.The course is organized in three strands related to money sense, measurement, and proportional reasoning. In all strands, the focus is on strengthening and extending key foundational mathematical concepts and skills by solving authentic, everyday problems. Students have opportunities to extend their mathematical literacy and problem-solving skills and to continue developing their skills in reading, writing, and oral language through relevant and practical math activities. ♬ Term 1A ✍ IL

MFM1P Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 9, Applied (1.0 credit) This course enables students to develop an understanding of mathematical concepts related to introductory algebra, proportional reasoning, and measurement and geometry through investigation, the effective use of technology, and hands-on activities. Students will investigate real- life examples to develop various representations of linear relations, and will determine the connections between the representations. They will also explore certain relationships that emerge from the measurement of three-dimensional figures and two-dimensional shapes. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking. ♬ Term 1B ✍ IL

MFM2P Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 10, Applied (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 9, Applied This course enables students to consolidate their understanding of linear relations and extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills through investigation, the effective use of technology, and hands-on activities. Students will develop and graph equations in analytic geometry; solve and apply linear systems, using real-life examples; and explore and interpret graphs of quadratic relations. Students will investigate similar triangles, the trigonometry of right triangles, and the measurement of three-dimensional figures. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking. ✍ IL
MPM2D Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic This course enables students to broaden their understanding of relationships and extend their problem-solving skills and algebraic skills through investigation, the use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will explore quadratic relations and their applications; solve and apply linear systems; verify properties of geometric figures using analytic geometry; and investigate the trigonometry of right and acute triangles. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems. ✍ IL

MFM2H Principles of Mathematics Transfer Course from Applied to Academic, Grade 10, Transfer (0.5 Credit) This course will provide students who have successfully completed Foundations of Mathematics, Grade 10, Applied with an opportunity to achieve the expectations not covered in that course but included in Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic. On successful completion of this transfer course, students will be able to proceed to either the university preparation course or the university/college course in mathematics in Grade 11.This transfer course focuses on developing algebraic skills used in solving of quadratic functions and in analytic geometry, and on investigating the trigonometry of acute triangles. ✍ IL

MEL3E Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life, Grade 11, Workplace (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 9, Academic or Foundation of Mathematics, Grade 9, Applied or a Ministry - Approved Locally developed Grade 10 mathematics course (MAT 2L), This course enables you to broaden your understanding of mathematics as it is applied in important areas of day-to-day living. You will solve problems associated with earning money, paying taxes, and making purchases; apply calculations of simple and compound interest in saving, investing, and borrowing; and calculate the costs of transportation and travel in a variety of situations. ♬ Term 1A/B ✍ IL

MBF3C Mathematics of Personal Finance, Grade 11, College (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic or Applied This course will enable you to broaden your understanding of exponential growth and important areas of personal finance. You will investigate properties of exponential functions and develop skills in manipulating exponential expressions; solve problems and investigate financial applications involving compound interest and annuities; and apply mathematics in making informed decisions about transportation, accommodation, and career choices. ✍ IL

MCF3M Functions, Grade 11, Col/Uni Prep (1.0 Credit) Prerequisite: Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic This course introduces some financial applications of mathematics and extends students’ experiences with functions. Students will solve problems in personal finance involving applications of sequences and series; investigate properties and applications of trigonometric functions; develop facility in operating with polynomials, rational expressions, and exponential expressions; develop an understanding of inverses and transformations of functions; and develop facility in using function notation and in communicating mathematical reasoning. ✍ IL

MAP4C Foundations for College Mathematics, Grade 12, College (1.0 Credit) Perquisite: Grade 11 Foundations for College Mathematics or Functions and Applications. This course enables students to broaden their understanding of real-world applications of mathematics. Students will analyze data using statistical methods; solve problems involving applications of geometry and trigonometry; simplify expressions; and solve equations. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems. This course prepares students for college programs in areas such as business, health sciences, and human services, and for certain skilled trades. ✍ IL

MEL4E Mathematics for Work and Everyday Life, Grade 12, Workplace (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 11, Workplace Preparation This course enables students to broaden their understanding of mathematics as it is applied in the workplace and daily life. Students will investigate questions involving the use of statistics; apply the concept of probability to solve problems involving familiar situations; investigate accommodation costs and create household budgets; use proportional reasoning; estimate and measure; and apply geometric concepts to create designs. Students will consolidate their mathematical skills as they solve problems and communicate their thinking. ✍ IL

MCT4C Mathematics for College Technology, Grade 12, College Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Mathematics, Grade 11, University/College Preparation This course enables students to extend their knowledge of functions. Students will investigate and apply properties of polynomial, exponential, and trigonometric functions; continue to represent functions numerically, graphically, and algebraically; develop facility in simplifying expressions and solving equations; and solve problems that address applications of algebra, trigonometry, vectors, and geometry. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems. This course prepares students for a variety of college technology programs. ✍ IL

MCV4U Calculus and Vectors, Grade 12, University (1.0 Credit) This course builds on students’ previous experiences with functions and their developing understanding of rates of change. Students will solve problems involving geometric and algebraic representations of vectors and representations of lines and planes in three-dimensional space; broaden their understanding of rates of change to include the derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational, and radical functions; and apply these concepts and skills to the modelling of real-world relationships. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended for students who choose to pursue careers in fields such as science, engineering, economics and some areas of business including those students who will be required to take a university-level calculus, linear algebra, or physics course. ✍ IL

MHF4U Advanced Functions, Grade 12, University (1.0 Credit) This course extends students’ experience with functions. Students will investigate the properties of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; develop techniques for combining functions; broaden their understanding of rates of change; and develop facility in applying these concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended both for students taking the Calculus and Vectors course as a prerequisite for a university program and for those wishing to consolidate their understanding of mathematics before proceeding to any one of a variety of university programs. ✍ IL

Native Languages

LNLAO Oji-Cree, Level 1, Open (1.0 credit) This course is open to the entire student body and will allow students who have no prior native language experience to develop an appreciation for a native language and culture, to explore and experience a unique world view, and to learn to speak a native language. Students will use the language being studied for greetings and daily routines, become familiar with its writing and sound system, and practise basic vocabulary and phrases. Students will also use information technology during course-related activities. ♬ Term 1A/B

LNLBO Oji-Cree, Level 2, Open (1.0 credit) This course is open to students that have limited native language experience. It will focus on developing language knowledge, communication skills and the understanding of the interconnectedness of language and culture. Students will continue to acquire knowledge and the practice of practical everyday vocabulary and structures that will enable them to communicate effectively in the language . Not Available in 1A/B

Native Studies

NAC2O1 Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, Grade 10, Open (0.5 credit) This course emphasizes historical and contemporary issues that affect the relationship between Aboriginal peoples and Canadian governments. Students will examine legal, political, social, and economic issues; key aspects of the Indian Act and its revisions that have an impact on the daily lives of Aboriginal persons; the different types of relationships that Aboriginal peoples have established with other nations throughout history; and the methodology of historical inquiry. ✍ IL

NAC2O2 Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, Grade 10, Open (0.5 credit) This course emphasizes historical and contemporary issues that affect the relationship between Aboriginal peoples and Canadian governments. Students will examine legal, political, social, and economic issues; key aspects of the Indian Act and its revisions that have an impact on the daily lives of Aboriginal persons; the different types of relationships that Aboriginal peoples have established with other nations throughout history; and the methodology of historical inquiry. ✍ IL

NBV3E Aboriginal Beliefs, Values, and Aspirations, Grade 11, Work Place (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Grade 10 Canadian History. This course focuses on the beliefs, values, and aspirations of Aboriginal peoples in Canada. You will examine issues of identity facing Indian, Métis, and Inuit peoples, and their relationships to land and nature, as well as to one another within their communities and working environments. You will also learn how traditional and contemporary beliefs and values influence the present-day aspirations and actions of Aboriginal peoples. ✍ IL

Science

SNC1P Science, Grade 9, Applied (1.0 credit) This course enables students to understand basic concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics; to develop practical skills in scientific investigation; and to apply their knowledge of science to everyday situations. Students will design and conduct investigations into practical problems and issues related to cell division and reproduction, the structure and properties of elements and compounds, astronomy and space exploration, and static and current electricity ✍ IL

SNC1L Science, Grade 9, Locally Developed (1.0)This is an introductory course in science that will allow you to learn about the basic concepts involved in biology, chemistry, physics and scientific inquiry. Each of these topics explore a range of topics including life-sustaining processes in simple and complex organisms, properties of common materials, electrical circuits and science in daily life. The course is designed to help you develop your mathematical and scientific process skills and to continue developing your skills in reading, writing and oral language through practical and relevant science activities. You will be asked to design and conduct investigations related to the 4 topics of study allowing you to put your practical problem solving abilities to use and to apply your knowledge of science to everyday situations. This course will provide you with considerable knowledge in science and prepare you for the next level of study and success in everyday life. If you wish to continue study science this course prepares you for the Grade 11 Workplace Preparation course, SNC3E. ✍ IL

SNC2P Science, Grade 10, Applied (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Science, Grade 9, Academic or Applied This course enables students to develop a deeper understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics; to develop further their practical skills in scientific investigation; and to apply their knowledge of science to real-world situations. Students will design and conduct investigations into everyday problems and issues related to ecological sustainability, chemical reactions, weather systems, and motion. ✍ IL

SNC2D Science, Grade 10, Academic (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Science, Grade 9, Academic This course enables students to develop a deeper understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics; to develop further their skills in scientific inquiry; and to understand the interrelationships among science, technology, and the environment. Students will conduct investigations and understand scientific theories related to: ecology and the maintenance of ecosystems; chemical reactions, with particular attention to acid-base reactions; factors that influence weather systems; and motion. ✍ IL

SNC2H Grade 10 Science Transfer Course, Grade 10, Transfer (0.5) This transfer course will provide students who have successfully completed Science, Grade 10, Applied, with an opportunity to achieve the expectations not covered in that course but included in Science, Grade 10, Academic. On Successful completion of this course, students will be able to proceed to any Grade 11 university preparation science course and to the Grade 12 university preparation earth and space science course. The course is organized into four strands: biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics. Students have opportunities to extend their scientific literacy and problem-solving skills and to continue developing their skills in reading, writing, and oral language through relevant and practical science activities. ✍ IL

SNC3E Science, Grade 11, Workplace (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Science, Grade 9, Academic or Applied, (SNC1P/SNC1D) This course provides students with the science-related knowledge and skills they need to help them make informed decisions in the workplace and in their personal lives. Students will explore a range of topics, including materials and safety; electrical circuits; micro-organisms; the human immune system and defences against disease; and the impact of humans on the environment. Emphasis is placed on relating these topics directly to students’ experiences both in the world of work and in daily life. ♬ Term 1A ✍ IL

SNC3M Science, Grade 11, University/College Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic or Applied This course enables students, including those who do not intend to pursue science-related programs at the postsecondary level, to increase their understanding of science and its technological applications. Students will explore a range of topics, including the safe use of everyday chemicals; the science of nutrition and body function; waste management; the application of scientific principles in space; and technologies in everyday life. Emphasis will be placed on the role of science and technology in daily life and in relation to social and environmental issues. ✍ IL

SPH3U Physics, Grade 11, University Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic This course develops students’ understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will study the laws of dynamics and explore different kinds of forces, the quantification and forms of energy (mechanical, sound, light, thermal, and electrical), and the way energy is transformed and transmitted. They will develop scientific-inquiry skills as they verify accepted laws and solve both assigned problems and those emerging from their investigations. Students will also analyse the interrelationships between physics and technology, and consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment. ✍ IL

SBI3C Biology, Grade 11, College Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic or Applied This course focuses on the processes involved in biological systems. Students will learn concepts and theories as they conduct investigations in the areas of cellular biology, microbiology, animal anatomy and physiology, plant structure and physiology, and environmental science. Emphasis will be placed on the practical application of concepts, and on the skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields. ✍ IL

SBI3U Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic This course furthers students’ understanding of the processes involved in biological systems. Students will study cellular functions, genetic continuity, internal systems and regulation, the diversity of living things, and the anatomy, growth, and functions of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation. ✍ IL

SCH3U Chemistry, Grade 11, University Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic This course focuses on the concepts and theories that form the basis of modern chemistry. Students will study the behaviours of solids, liquids, gases, and solutions; investigate changes and relationships in chemical systems; and explore how chemistry is used in developing new products and processes that affect our lives and our environment. Emphasis will also be placed on the importance of chemistry in other branches of science. ✍ IL

SCH4C Chemistry, Grade 12, College Preparation (1.0 credit) This course introduces students to the concepts that form the basis of modern chemistry. Students will study qualitative analysis, quantitative relationships in chemical reactions, organic chemistry and electrochemistry, and chemistry as it relates to the environment. Students will employ a variety of laboratory techniques, develop skills in date collection and scientific analysis, and communicate scientific information using appropriate technology. ♬ Term 1B ✍ IL

SBI4U Biology, Grade 12, University Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: SBI3U This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes associated with biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, evolution, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on achievement of the detailed knowledge and refined skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields. ✍ IL

SCH4U Chemistry, Grade 12, University Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: SCH3U This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of organic chemistry, energy changes and rates of reaction, chemical systems and equilibrium, electrochemistry, and atomic and molecular structure. Students will further develop problem-solving and laboratory skills as they investigate chemical processes, at the same time refining their ability to communicate scientific information. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of chemistry in daily life, and on evaluating the impact of chemical technology on the environment. ✍ IL

SPH4C Physics, Grade 12, College Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Grade 10 Science This course develops students’ understanding of the basic concepts of physics. You will explore these concepts as they relate to mechanical, electrical, fluid (hydraulic and pneumatic), and communications systems, as well as to the operation of commonly used tools and equipment. You will develop scientific-inquiry skills as you verify accepted laws of physics and solve both assigned problems and those emerging from your investigations. You will also consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment. ✍ IL

SES4U Earth and Space Science, Grade 12, University Preparation (1.0) Prerequisite: Grade 10 Academic Science This course focuses on the Earth as a planet, and on the basic concepts and theories of Earth science and their relevance to everyday life. Students will examine the Earth's place in the solar system and, after a general introduction to Earth science, will explore in more detail the materials of the Earth, its internal and superficial processes, and its history. The course draws on astronomy, biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics in its consideration of geological processes that can be observed directly or inferred from other evidence. ✍ IL

Social Sciences and the Humanities

HFN2O Food and Nutrition, Grade 10, Open (1.0 credit) This course explores the factors that affect attitudes and decisions about food, examines current issues of body image and food marketing, and is grounded in the scientific study of nutrition. Students will learn how to make informed food choices and how to prepare foods, and will investigate our Canadian food heritage and food industries, as well as global food issues. The course also introduces students to research skills related to food and nutrition. ♬ Term 1A ✍IL

HPC3O Parenting, Grade 11, Open (1.0 credit) This course focuses on the skills and knowledge needed to promote the positive and healthy nurturing of children, with particular emphasis on the critical importance of the early years to human development. Students will learn how to meet the developmental needs of young children, communicate and discipline effectively, and guide early behaviour. They will have practical experiences with infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, and will learn skills in researching and investigating questions relating to parenting. ♬ Term 1A/B ✍IL

HIP3E Managing Personal Resource, Grade 11, Workplace (1.0 Credit) This course prepares students for living independently and working successfully with others. Students will learn to manage their personal resources (including talent, money, and time), to develop interpersonal skills, and to understand economic influences on workplace issues, in order to make wise and responsible personal and occupational choices. The course emphasizes the achievement of expectations through practical experiences and introduces students to skills used in researching and investigating resource management. ✍IL

HRF3O World Religions: Beliefs and Daily Life, Grade 11, Open (1.0 credit) This course introduces students to the range and diversity of world religions, and examines how systems of belief affect individual lives and social relationships. You will learn about a variety of religious beliefs, teachings, traditions, and practices. The course also helps you to develop skills used in researching and investigating topics related to world religions. ✍IL

HSP3M Introduction to Anthropology, Psychology, and Sociology, Grade 11, Open (1.0 credit) This course introduces the theories, questions, and issues that are the major concern of anthropology, psychology, and sociology. Students develop an understanding of the way social scientists approach the topics they study and the research methods they employ. Students are given opportunities to explore theories from a variety of perspectives and to become familiar with current theories on a range of issues researched by classical and contemporary social scientists in the three disciplines. ✍IL

HNC3O Fashion and Creative Expression, Grade 11, Open (1.0 credit) This course explores what clothing communicates about the wearer and how it becomes a creative and entrepreneurial outlet through the design and production processes. You will learn, through practical experiences, about the nature of fashion design; the characteristics of fibers and fabrics; the construction, production, and marketing of clothing; and how to plan and care for a wardrobe that is appropriate for an individual’s appearance, activities, employment, and lifestyle. You will develop research skills as you explore the evolution of fashion and its relationship to society, culture, and individual psychology. ✍IL

HLS3O Living Spaces and Shelter, Grade 11, Open (1.0 Credit) This course analyses how different types of living spaces and forms of shelter meet people’s physical, social, emotional, and cultural needs and reflect society’s values, established patterns of living, and economic and technological developments. Students will learn how to make practical decisions about where to live and how to create functional and pleasing environments, and will explore occupational opportunities related to housing and design. They will also learn skills used in researching and investigating living accommodations and housing. ✍IL

HPW3C Living and Working With Children, Grade 11, College Preparation (1.0 Credit) This course focuses on the well-being of children in family and community settings. Students will study child behaviour and child development in the context of relationships with parents and others in the community, and will learn through research and by observing and interacting with children. This course prepares students for further study of children, familiarizes them with occupational opportunities related to working with children, and introduces them to skills used in researching and investigating children=s behaviour in response to others. ✍IL

HPD4E Parenting and Human Development, Grade 12, Open (1.0 Credit) This course prepares students for occupations involving older children, and for the responsibility of parenting, with emphasis on school age and adolescent children. Students will learn, through practical experience in the community, how early child development affects later development, success in school, and personal and social well-being throughout life, and how children and parents change over time. This course also develops students’ skills in researching and investigating various aspects of parenting and human development. ✍IL

HTZ4U Philosophy, Grade 12, University Preparation (1.0 credit) Prerequisite: Any University, Col/Uni, or College Preparation course in Social Science and Humanities. This course addresses three (or more) of the main areas of philosophy: metaphysics, logic, epistemology, ethics, social and political philosophy, and aesthetics. You will learn critical-thinking skills and the main ideas expressed by philosophers from a variety of the world's traditions; you will also learn how to develop and explain your own philosophical ideas, and how to apply those ideas to contemporary social issues and personal experiences. The course will also help you refine the skills used in researching and investigating topics in philosophy. ✍IL

Technological Education

TCJ2O1 Construction Technology, Grade 10, Open (0.5 credit) This course requires students to design, build, and evaluate projects using design instruments and machine and hand tools. Students will solve technological problems through a variety of media; identify and describe building materials and other resources needed to construct, maintain, and service buildings; identify support systems and components; apply safety rules related to materials, processes, and equipment; identify common architectural styles; and identify careers related to construction technology. ✍IL

TCJ2O2 Construction Technology, Grade 10, Open (0.5 credit) This course requires students to design, build, and evaluate projects using design instruments and machine and hand tools. Students will solve technological problems through a variety of media; identify and describe building materials and other resources needed to construct, maintain, and service buildings; identify support systems and components; apply safety rules related to materials, processes, and equipment; identify common architectural styles; and identify careers related to construction technology. ✍IL

TFT3C Hospitality, Grade 11, College Preparation (1.0 Credit) This course helps students understand the features, trends and guidelines of the Hospitality Industry, as well as learn the basic requirements of serving customers. Students will acquire skills related to preparing and presenting food, evaluating facilities, controlling inventory, and marketing special events. They will also learn about economic and environmental impacts, health and safety standards, and career opportunities related to the Hospitality Industry. ✍IL

TFS4C Tourism, Grade 12, College Preparation (1.0 Credit) This course provides students with opportunities to analyse the characteristics and standards of the tourism industry, determine the factors that promote its success, and investigate principles and procedures that contribute to high-quality customer service. Students will also assess facilities and activities that attract tourists, and study communications and customer service techniques. In addition to exploring career opportunities, students will analyse the relationship between tourism and the economy and propose ways to enhance the performance of the industry. ✍IL

TPO4C Child Development and Gerontology, Grade 12, Open (1.0 Credit) This course helps students understand the stages of development and needs of children and the elderly. Students will master the fundamental skills required to meet these needs; acquire an awareness of legislation governing the care of children and of elderly people who require support or supervision; evaluate social and recreational activities for children and the elderly; and assess available facilities. Students will also examine career paths in child and geriatric care, the impact of technological developments on products and services, and health and safety laws. ✍IL

Interdisciplinary Studies

IDC3O1 Aboriginal Wilderness and Safety, Grade 11, Open (0.5 credit) Not available in 1A/B
Transition Courses - Non-Credit
These introductory non-credit courses will provide you with backgrounds in the concepts, skills, and knowledge needed for success in Grade 9.

XUCO9 Transition Computers (0.0 credit) This introductory Computer course will provide you with a background in the concepts, skills, and knowledge needed for success in Grade 9. ✍ IL

XUEO9 Transition English (0.0 credit) This introductory English course will provide you with a background in the concepts, skills, and knowledge needed for success in Grade 9. ✍ IL

XUMO9 Transition Math (0.0 credit) This introductory Mathematics course will provide you with a background in the concepts, skills, and knowledge needed for success in Grade 9. ✍ IL

XUSO9 Transition Science (0.0 credit) This introductory Science course will provide you with a background in the concepts, skills, and knowledge needed for success in Grade 9. ✍ IL

PLAR
The Prior Learning Assessment Recognition program (PLAR) allows qualified students to earn up to 16 equivalent grade 9 and 10 compulsory credits. To earn these equivalent credits students will have to successfully complete up to 4 assessments (tests). One assessment in each of Math, English, Science, and History/Geography. Prior to attempting assessments, students are required to complete assignments in applicable areas. These assignments are designed to prepare students to be successful in the assessments. ✍ IL